| OVERSTORY TREES | | Plants | Light and Water Needs | Wildlife that use the plants | | Douglas Fir | Sun/Dry | Black-capped chickadee, red-breasted nuthatch, pygmy nuthatch, red crossbill, dark-eyed junco, pine siskin blue grouse, beaver, chickaree, brush rabbit, red squirrel, shrew, elk, black-tailed deer. | | Bigleaf Maple | Sun-shady/Dry-moist | Evening grosbeak, finch, beaver, brush rabbit, elk, black-tailed deer, chickaree, chipmunk. Provides cover for many small mammals and perching birds. | | Grand Fir | Shady/Dry-moist | Blue grouse, chickadee, nutcracker, porcupine, chickaree, chipmunk, chickaree. | | Pacific Madrone | Sun-shady/Dry-moist | Mourning dove, band-tailed pigeon, chipmunk, black-tailed deer, Bohemian waxwing, raccoon, American robin, varied thrush. Good for cavity-nesting birds. | | W. V. Ponderosa Pine | Sun/Moist | Junco, pine siskin, evening grosbeak, varied thrush, sparrow, chickadees. | | Western Redcedar | Shady/Moist | Purple finch, evening grosbeak, Townsend solitaire, cedar waxwing, black-tailed deer. Good for cavity-nesters such as the hairy woodpecker, tree swallow, chestnut-backed chickadee, and Vaux's swift. | | Western Hemlock | Sun-shady/ Moist | Red crossbill, pine siskin, chickaree, porcupine, black-tailed deer. | | Red Alder | Sun/Moist | Black-tailed deer, elk, beaver, northern flicker, pine siskin, goldfinch. | | Black Cottonwood | Sun/Moist | Ruffed grouse, beaver, brush rabbit. Tall trees excellent perches for the great horned owl, red-tailed hawk, great blue heron, bald eagle, and osprey. Provides cover in cavities for the woodpecker, great horned owl, wood duck, flying squirrel, and raccoon. | | Oregon Ash | Sun/Moist-wet | Wood duck, beaver, turkey. | | UNDERSTORY TREES | | Cascara | Sun-shady/Dry-moist | Pileated woodpecker, black-tailed deer, gray fox, raccoon, ruffed grouse, band-tailed pigeon. | | Red Elderberry | Sun-shady/Moist | Western bluebird, warbling vireo, scarlet tanager, western tanager, house finch, Townsend solitaire, American crow, grouse, quail, ring-necked pheasant, hummingbird, band-tailed pigeon, black-headed grosbeak, Stellar’s jay, pileated woodpecker, elk, brush rabbit, ground squirrel, grey fox. | | Vine Maple | Shady/Moist | Evening grosbeak, squirrel, porcupine, black-tailed deer, elk. Good cover for songbirds. | | SHRUBS | | Red Flowering Current | Sun-shady/Dry-moist | Anna’s hummingbird, rufous hummingbird. Wildlife eat the blue-black berries. | | Indian Plum | Sun-shady/Dry-moist | Anna’s hummingbird, rufous hummingbird. Both male and female plants needed for berries. | | Snowberry | Sun-shady/Dry-moist | Robin, varied thrush. Berries low in sugar and not a first choice, so berries persist and become winter food. | | ServiceBerry | Sun/Moist | Crow, cedar waxwing, black bear, beaver, grouse. | | Evergreen Huckleberry | Shady/Moist | Robin, wild turkey, thrush, rufous-sided towhee, ring-necked pheasant, black bear, chipmunk, grey fox, squirrel, skunk, ruffed grouse, blue grouse. | | Red Osier Dogwood | Sun-shady/Moist-wet | Bobwhite, ring-necked pheasant, wild turkey, grouse, cutthroat trout, ducks, crows. Provides nesting habitat for the MacGillivary’s warbler, orange-crowned warbler, and white-crowned sparrow. Berries low in sugar and not a first choice, so berries persist and become winter food. | | Willow | Sun/Wet | Beaver, brush rabbit, elk, black-tailed deer. Important cover for deer and songbirds. |
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